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font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">【查雪琴：教授】</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">記者問：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">聽說德國聯邦議會大廈曾經在聲學設計上出了問題，在解決的過程中您也參與了并做出了貢獻，是否可以談談詳細情況?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查教授：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1992年，德國在波恩新建了一個聯邦議會大廈。12月份啟用，誰知議長剛說了幾句話就沒有聲音了。最初以為是擴聲系統發生了故障，只好請全體議員退席，緊急招來廠家的技術人員搶修。幾個小時后，技術人員說沒問題，可以繼續開會，然而不到兩分鐘又沒有聲音了。由于這次會議是通過電視向全國轉播的，所以全國的觀眾都看到了這一情況，導致輿論大嘩，第二天全國各報紛紛載文說：這是一場丑聞。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">事后的分析表明：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">導致這次事故的原因不是設備故障，而是室內聲學設計失誤。原來，設計者想把這座大廈搞成一座前所未有、獨具特色的建筑物，所以設計得很特別：它是圓形的，直徑4l米。墻壁全部是玻璃，以象征“政治透明度”。屋頂是半透明的，以便自然采光。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">正前方的墻上掛著德國國徽(鷹)，稱為“鷹墻”，講話者的位置大致在大廳的中央，距圓心很近。此外，為了避免在電視鏡頭中出現喇叭，所以把喇叭掛得很高。擴聲系統是電腦控制的，一旦發生反饋就會自動跳閘，以避免出現令人不快的嘯叫聲。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果把這些設計要求中的每一項單獨拿出來分析，都是合理的。但由于沒有人把它們綜合起來考慮，于是就出了問題：喇叭掛得高，輻射面就大，而玻璃的反射系數是很大的，室內的聲反射非常嚴重。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">由于墻壁是圓形的，所有的反射聲恰好聚焦在講話者(也就是話筒)的位置上，從而形成了強反饋，導致擴聲系統跳閘。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">事后召集了各行各業的專家坐下來開會，研究原因和解決辦法。有趣的是德國人也會“踢皮球”，在分析原因的時候互相指責：搞室內聲學的人說是擴聲系統的問題，搞擴聲系統的人說是室內聲學的問題，后來又聯合起來說是建筑設計的問題。搞建筑設計的人馬上在報紙上發表了一篇文章，說從來沒有先把擴聲系統搞好再蓋房子的，總是先建好房子，然后再搞擴聲系統。意思是說：應該是你的擴聲系統適應我的房子而不能要我的房子去適應你的擴聲系統。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">爭來爭去，責任問題只好不了了之。接下來就是如何解決這個問題。專家們采取了多種辦法：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">揚聲器全部換成指向性更強的產品，以減小幅射面，在“鷹墻”上鉆孔、加玻璃棉，以增大吸聲系數；屋頂上允許加吸音材料的地方加了一些吸音材料；墻的上部加了兩層玻璃反射板，上層的反射板朝上，把聲音反射到屋頂的吸聲材料區而吸掉，下層的反射板朝下，把聲音反射到聽眾席以避免在話筒附近造成聲聚焦，改變聽眾席的傾斜角；走路的通道鋪上地毯。。。。。。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">但是，有一個問題卻使他們為難了。整個大廈有24樘玻璃門，總面積100多平方米。這些玻璃門所產生的聲反射是不可忽視的，但既不能在門上加玻璃棉，也不能加反射板，用常規手段無法解決這一問題。 </span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：這一問題最終是如何解決的呢?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：當時我剛到德國，研究所的所長問我有沒有辦法?我說：利用中國著名科學家馬大猷教授的“微穿孔板吸聲構造”的理論就可以解決。其基本方法是根據所需的吸收頻率及吸收系數，在玻璃板上按一定的孔距和孔徑打孔，使玻璃面由反射面變成吸收面。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">這一構造的另一優點是不需要礦物纖維、，用玻璃棉作吸聲材料有很多問題：玻璃棉是否會致癌姑且不論，它的再循環再回收等許多方面也是有問題的。近年來許多人都在研究無礦物纖維的吸聲材料，而馬教授的理論是最完善的。遺憾的是：對于這樣一種理論，德國人居然沒聽說過。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">為了驗證馬教授的理論，首先用鋼板作了一套試樣．拿到試驗室里進行測量。測量結果與事先的計算結果吻合得非常之好。使所有搞聲學的人看了都感到吃驚，因為從來沒有見過計算與實驗結果能夠如此吻合。這說明馬先生的理論是非常完善和準確的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">按照過去的理論，共振型吸聲構造的共振頻率是可以比較精確地算出來的，難的是吸聲系數和吸收頻帶的寬度，由于牽扯到聲阻尼等一系列復雜問題，所以很難算準。穿孔板也是一種共振型的吸聲材料。利用馬先生的理論就可以算得很準，甚至可以用測量結果來校對工廠的加工精度。有一次我們要求制作的穿孔板孔距為3．5毫米，孔徑為O．6毫米。作好后進行測量，發現聲學特性與原設計不符。測量了一下該加工件的幾何尺寸，發現誤差很大：孔距實際為3．32毫米，孔徑也小了。把這兩個尺寸代入公式重新計算，結果就和測量值完全一樣了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">初步試驗成功后，所長問我：能不能用玻璃?我說：當然可以!因為這個理論有一個特點，就是聲學特性與所用材料基本無關。當然，由于金屬與非金屬材料的導熱系數不同，吸聲特性也會有一些差別，但這種差別也是可以計算出來的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">為了驗證，還需要再作一個試樣。德國人對經費的控制是很嚴格的：你沒有項目就沒有錢，沒有錢就不能花錢。我當時剛到德國，當然沒有項目，所以沒錢向工廠訂購，只能自己動手做。我對另兩個在德國的中國留學生說：我們一定要按期把試驗作好，這個周末是無論如何不能休息了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">為便于加工，我們用有機玻璃作試樣，在20×20厘米的面積上要打幾萬個孔。我的手腳快，親自來加工：老花眼鏡·戴，坐在鉆臺前面就干了起來，八個小時沒動地方，終于干完了。接著就是進行聲學測量、寫實驗報告……。星期四接受的任務，到星期一就全部完成了。星期三，試樣和報告全部按期送到了波恩。在諸多競爭者中，最終是這一方案被采納了，應用于議會大廈的改造并獲得了成功。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">事后，德國的《工程師報》載文說：“中國人成就了德國的聯邦議會大廈”。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">《圖片報》則說：“一個小個子中國女人在我們的聯邦議會大廈上鉆了上百萬個孔”。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我個人覺得：不能接受這種說法。因為議會大廈的聲學改造采取了多方面的措施，我的措施只是其中一項。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">但是，其它措施都是常規的，而“鉆孔”的措施是非常規的。渝：聽了這件事覺得很過癮，您確實給中國人爭了一口氣。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：我作這件事的時候也是這樣想的。事后也有人說：我們到現場測量過，這個東西好象沒有用。我們的所長回答得很妙，他說：現在要證明它有用，只有一個辦法：把這些措施統統撤掉，看看是否還會發生同樣的情況。然而這是無法做到的。事先誰也不敢說門的聲反射可以忽略，所以所有這些措施一項也不能缺少。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">還有人給所長打電話抗議，說這種理論書上早就有了，根本不是中國人的。我聽了氣得要命。所長說：不要生氣，好好準備你的學術報告會上的論文。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">最初我寫論文的時候是想好好的介紹一下這種吸聲構造的原理，現在既然出現了這些論調，我決定把論文的內容改一改，改成論證為什么說這個理論是中國人的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我從一百多年前英國人開始研究微細管的聲吸收開始，論述了如何逐步發展到馬先生的理論的過程。還論證了當前其他人一些表面上類似的理論在機理上卻是完全不同的，因此證明了這個理論就是中國人的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在服從真理這一點上，德國人還是蠻可愛的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我的報告被安排在當天的最后一篇，廳堂里坐無虛席，連臺階上都座滿了人。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">報告一結束，許多人走上臺來向我表示祝賀，說這下我們信服了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">從此以后，再沒有一個人來反駁這個問題。 </span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：剛才這個實例說明房間的聲學特性是非常重要的。但是對于一般家庭的聽音室問題，聲反饋問題似乎并不很突出，那么，室內聲學設計的重要性表現在什么地方呢?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：同樣也是很重要的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">整個音響系統就象一個鏈條，是由許多環節組成的：先是錄音制作，然后是CD唱機、功放、揚聲系統，還應該包括人的耳朵。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">揚聲系統發出的聲音要達到人的耳朵就必須經過房間，所以房間也是音響系統這個鏈條中的一環，如果不考慮房間的聲學特性，那么整個鏈條里就缺少了一環。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：如果房間的聲學條件不好，會造成什么影響?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：先說頻率響應，當前要把CD唱機、功放及揚聲系統的頻響做到在20至200O0赫范圍內平直并不困難。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">但是房間也是一個共振器，也有它的共振頻率。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">由于房間的三維幾何尺寸不同等原因，共振頻率不是一個，而是許多個，分布在整個頻帶中，如果簡振振動頻率的密度比較大而且分布均勻，整個房間的頻率響應就比較平直，反之就會出現許多峰谷。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果房間的簡振振動頻譜中沒有某個頻率，那么即使揚聲器系統發出了這個頻率的聲音，也不能激發房間的空氣作相應的振動，我們的耳朵也聽不到。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我曾在一間聲學特性很差的房間里作過試驗：用掃頻儀發出連續變化的20—20000赫茲聲頻信號，再經功放和揚聲器播放出來，發現其中某些頻率的聲音沒有了。也就是說：本應連續的聲音變成了斷斷續續的，象人在喘氣。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">是功放的頻響問題嗎?不是。因為在整個播放過程中，功放的輸出指示表紋絲不動，說明由功放送到揚聲器系統的功率沒有變化。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">是揚聲系統的毛病嗎?我們立即把喇叭拆下來送到消聲室進行測量，結果也沒問題。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">最終的結論是：在房間的頻率響應曲線上有許多峰谷，在谷點處的頻率就聽不到了。對這間房子進行適當的聲學處理后，問題就解決了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">由此可見：如果房間的頻率響應不好，即使你的器材頻響再好，與房間的特性疊加后也會變成一條很壞的曲線。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">房間是音響系統中非常重要的一環，也是當前最薄弱的一環。一根鏈條的強度取決于其中強度最低的一環：如果其中一環一碰就斷，那么其它環節作得再好也沒用。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">從這個意義上來看，可以說：房間是當前音響系統中最重要的一環。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">記得管善群教授在接受本刊記者采訪的時候曾經說過一段與您的意思相同的話。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">他說：現在的發燒友特別注重器材。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">總是在一個元件、一條線上下功夫，這只能說明他還是處于初級階段。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">進入高級階段的標志是把注意力集中在聲場上，也就是房間的聲學特性。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color:red;">查：<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 我也曾經與管教授討論過這個問題。記得曾經看到過某雜志上的一篇文章，說真正的Hi—End就是我的感覺。<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 我認為這種說法是不對的，因為每個人的感覺是不一樣的，如果感覺就是Hi—End，那么就無標準可循了。<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 就當前設備生產所能達到的水平而言，與房間的不均勻性相比，設備的缺陷是很微弱的。<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 所以我認為：真正的Hi—End不是器材，而是房間。<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 如果置聽音室的聲學特性于不顧, 而只在器材上下功夫去尋找Hi—End，那是永遠也找不到的。<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 問：換句話說，您是否認為：與房間的缺陷相比，對器材進行一些修改，也就是所謂摩機，其效果實在是微不足道的?<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 查：那當然是房間的影響要大得多了。怎樣才算是一間好的聽音室?<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 問：您能否再舉出一些實例來說明房間聲學特性的重要性?<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 查：好吧，先說說我在德國搞的一間聽音室。<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 那其實不是一間專用聽音室，而是研究所所長的辦公室，面積35平米，體積大約100立方米，大概是為了對外宣傳的需要，要求在保持辦公室原貌及功能不變的情況下對其進行聲學處理，能夠兼作一個高質量的聽音間。<br style="word-wrap: break-word;" /> 我只對這間房子作了一些簡單的聲學處理，就獲得了很好的效果。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">測量結果表明：頻響曲線非常平直，一點也不比專業的聽音室差。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">有一家歷史很悠久、規模很大的私人錄音公司的負責人和兩個錄音師來到這里一聽，說在這問屋子里走來走去，各點的聲音怎么都是一樣的?其實這就是聲學處理得當的結果。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">有些聲學特性很差的房間，最佳聽音位(也就是發燒友常說的“皇帝位”一一渝生按)的區域非常狹小，甚至只要頭歪一歪就不對了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">人在聽音的時候怎么可能把頭綁在那里一動都不動呢?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">通過這個例子就可以知道：正確的聲學處理不僅可以改善頻響，而且可以擴大最佳聽音位的范圍，對音箱擺位的要求也可以松一些。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">后來他們又把自己錄制的帶子放出來聽，認為低音太重了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我告訴他：不是這間房子的低音太重，因為測量結果表明這問房子的頻響是非常平直的。這只能說明你的制作間的低音太不對了，你在那間房子里覺得低音不足，就拼命把低音往上調，現在拿到正確的房間里，低音就顯得多了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">他反駁說：你們把房間的頻響作得如此平直，但實際上沒有一個房間的頻響能做到如此平直。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我告訴他：你說得很對，我們的房間處理得水平非常高，實際的房間很少能做到。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">實際房間的頻響是什么樣的呢?如果只測一個房間，那肯定有許多峰谷，但如果測量一千問、一萬間，然后把測量結果平均一下，那平均值一定是一條平直的曲線。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">制作間的頻響只能按照平均房間的情況來做，也就是說，頻響一定要平直。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：您對這個房間的處理方法很復雜嗎?業余條件下能不能做到?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：完全能做到，這叫做難者不會，會者不難。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我所采用的辦法主要是加了一個十厘米厚的吊頂，吊頂的材料是我在德國研制的一種“復合板共振吸收器”。當然也采取了一些其它措施。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">開始研制這個東西的時候，德國人提出要求：厚度不能超過十厘米。最初我覺得這不可能，因為我在國內的時候為搞一個錄音室，曾把吸音材料加到1．3米才解決問題。但是德國人非常死板：說十厘米就是十厘米，一厘米也不準超過。結果一咬牙也就搞出來了，在許多地方使用效果都很好，還申報了專利。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：這種吸音材料確實太好了，但那是德國產品，又申報了專利，國內的業余愛好者恐怕很難弄到，價錢也不會太便宜吧?在我們現有的條件下，用什么辦法才能把房間的聲學特性搞好呢?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：好，我先介紹一些基本原則。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我們聽音的房間從聲學上看都是“小房間”，所謂小房間是指與波長相比。例如50赫的聲波，波長是6．8米，房間的幾何尺寸與之相比就顯得小了。小房間的聲場肯定是不均勻的，不均勻就要處理它。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">處理的基本原則是：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．房間的體積絕對不要浪費</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">因為簡振振動頻率的密度取決于體積，體積浪費掉了簡振振動頻率的密度就小，聲場就不均勻。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">例如說房間的頻響曲線上50赫處有個谷，就說50赫附近沒有共振頻率，所以根本激發不起來，我們也就聽不到這個頻率的聲音。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">所以，不必要地浪費體積的東西千萬不要放。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">比方說：有的人為了增加低頻擴散，作了兩個低頻擴散體放在屋子里，這是完全沒有用處的，因為擴散體要起作用，它的幾何尺寸必須與要擴散的波長相當，你的擴散體是不可能作得這么大的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">放進一個不起作用的擴散體，豈不白白浪費了體積? </span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">還有人把頂棚和墻做成曲折形，這對解決低頻的擴散問題也是沒有用的。當然，對解決回聲問題還是有好處的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．調整房間的幾何尺寸為一個合適的比例，可以使簡振振動頻率的均勻度得到改善，并能解決駐波問題。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3．如果房間的大小和尺寸已經確定，無法修改，那么就要盡量加大低頻的阻尼和吸收。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">這對于大多數人來說恐怕是最現實的辦法。吸收材料加多少為好?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">說得極端一點：永遠不可能過份多．只怕不夠，你想過份都不可能。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我曾經作過一個試驗：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">一個體積約100立方米的小房間，用揚聲器在里面播放音樂信號，用假人頭接收，人退到屋子外面用耳機聽。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">同時還從聲源直接接出一個信號，這個信號是沒有經過房間的，兩種信號作A、B對比。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我發現：隨著吸音材料越加越多，聽到的低頻也越來越多。最初聽不到的一些低頻信號如鼓聲之類。在吸音材料加多后也能聽到了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">而且吸音材料越多，AB兩組信號就越一致，也就是說：通過房間的信號就越接近聲源中原有的聲音。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">為了測數據，我又把吸音材料全部去掉，搬進儀器，再把吸音材料重新一點點加上去。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">結果確實是這樣：隨著吸音材料的加多，房間的頻率響應越來越平直。總之一定要有足夠的吸收。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">有一種誤解：當低音不足的時候，就以為低音混響時間不夠，低音吸得太多了，實際上恰恰相反。 </span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：能否更具體地說說：應該用些什么材料，怎樣作法呢?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">過去曾見過有人介紹：在墻上貼泡沫塑料、掛壁毯等等辦法，這些方法有用嗎?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：對于低頻而言，這些作法都是沒有用的。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">常規的辦法是在墻角、墻棱處加上墻角吸聲器。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">這種吸聲器在業余條件下也可以作，比方說用紙箱板做成一個長盒子，打上孔，里面放玻璃棉(用塑料薄膜包起來)。不愿用玻璃棉也可以放泡沫塑料或其它織物，放衣服也可以。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">關鍵是尺寸一定要夠大，一般要求為待吸收頻率的1／4波長，而且一定要放在墻角。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">有些房間在頂角上有一排吊柜，也可以利用起來，只需在柜門上打孔或換成紗門，讓它能透氣，里面仍然可以放衣服。當然，只用吊柜有時還不夠，那就再想辦法加別的東西。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">還有人把吸聲器做成花架的形狀，放在墻角，上面仍然放一盆花，很美觀，聲學效果也不錯。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">混響時間——長些好還是短些好?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：前面談了許多關于房間頻率響應的問題，房間聲學特性的另一項重要指標是混響時間，聽音室的混響時間應該調整到多少才算合適?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：我們需要的是節目源中原有的混響，而不是房間所產生的混響。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">但任何房間都不可能沒有混響，我們所聽到的聲音是房間的混響與節目源的混響相疊加的結果，如果房間的混響時間過長，聽音效果當然會受影響。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：既然房間的混響是有害的，那么是不是說：應該把混響時間調得越短越好呢?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：不能這么說。雖然從原則上說，混響時間越短，聽到的信號就越逼真，比方說在消聲室里聽，這時完全沒有混響，聽到的信號就最逼真。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">當前國際上對理想聽音間的要求是“中性”，什么叫“中性”?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">那就是要求在房間里聽音等于沒有房間，換句話說就是沒有混響。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">但是人不可能在消聲室里聽，而且如果房間做得太“干”，會引起一系列其它問題，不易處理。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">例如設備面的反射問題：在一間很“干”的房間里，設備面的反射聲就會顯得很突出，再者，太干的房間也不符合人的習慣。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">剛走進消聲室的時候，你會覺得“壓耳朵”，但十分鐘以后就好了，你會感到說話的聲音很清楚。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">前面提到的那間經過聲學處理的辦公室，人剛一走進去會覺得有些異樣，但在這個房間里呆一段時間后再到別的房間里去，你就會覺得聲音發混，不如這間房子好。另一個問題是：把中、高頻的混響時間作得短一些是比較容易辦到的，低頻的混響時間則不可能作得很短。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">比方說：</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">把中高頻的混響時間做短，而低頻長，聲音就會覺得非常難聽，非常悶。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">有人遇到這種情況就認為是中高頻混響時間太短造成的，我總是告訴他：這不是中高頻太短，而是因為低頻太長了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果把低頻混晌時間也做短，馬上就會覺得一點也不悶。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">我們可以想一想：在室外聽聲音的時候，那可是一點混響也沒有的，可我們從來不會覺得悶，為什么屋子里面的中高頻混響時間一短就會覺得悶?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問題就是低頻混響時問太長了。</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">問：怎樣做才能縮短低頻混響時間呢?</span><br style="word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /> <span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">查：仍然是吸收。盡管無法做得很短，但要想盡辦法讓它短，還要注意在整個頻段上的線性平衡。</span></div> <div id="contentpages"> </div> <div class="bzone"> <div class="down" style="display:none">附件下載：<span id="downlink"></span> (已下載0次) <span id="downcentnotice"></span><input type="hidden" id="downcent" value=""></div> <input type="hidden" id="newsid" value="470"> <div class="tags" style="display:none">標簽：</div> <div id="banzhu" class="banzhu"></div> </div> </div> <script> $(function(){ $().contentPages('470'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id='pdv_27018' class='pdv_class' title='' style='width:660px;height:93px;top:653px;left:212px; z-index:90'> <div id='spdv_27018' class='pdv_content' style='overflow:visible;width:100%;'> <div class="pdv_border" style="margin:0;padding:0;height:100%;border:0px solid;background:;"> <div style="height:25px;margin:1px;display:none;background:;"> <div style="float:left;margin-left:12px;line-height:25px;font-weight:bold;color:"> </div> <div style="float:right;margin-right:10px;display:none"> <a href="-1" style="line-height:25px;color:">更多</a> </div> </div> <div style="padding:0px"> <style> #pdv_27018 .wunewsnext{font-family: 微軟雅黑; 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